Self Emergency Contraception Is a Right Women Should Have

I will argue that pharmacists lack an absolute right to object the dispersal of emergency contraception. Further, I will argue that the reasons offered for refusals regarding emergency contraception by pharmacists are not reasonable, even given their moral reservations, providers have a professional ethical obligation to dispense emergency conception. The refusal to sell emergency contraception by pharmacists ultimately infringes on women’s right to exercise autonomy over their reproductive future. Over the past months, occurrences of pharmacists refusing to fill prescriptions, or sell emergency contraception over the counter have drawn in significant media attention. Lawmakers at the state and federal rank have replied with an infinite number of proposals created to protect users. These proposals have been addressing the related questions of whether pharmacists should be allowed to refuse to fill valid prescriptions on moral or religious grounds, and, if so, what obligation the pharmacy has to the public when its pharmacist refuses. Lawmakers focusing on the pharmacists’ role and addressing the pharmacy’s responsibility to users only when a pharmacist refuses to fill prescriptions fails to address a related but distinct problem that women may come across: pharmacies that, as a matter of policy, refuse to sell emergency contraception, even when they sell ordinary birth control pills. According to the article there has been a rising number of pharmacists refusing to dispenseShow MoreRelatedThe Ethics And Social Welfare1568 Words   |  7 Pagesworker) met by two young women. Both women were 14 years of age, one of whom (Danielle) req uired emergency contraception within the next two hours. The only place available at the hours this dilemma presented itself to Aylssa was the local accident and emergency department, however, both women had no funds and sought emotional support. The primary matter outlined for Alyssa was if Danielle should be accompanied to the emergency department to ensure she receives emergency contraception or not. Ethics andRead MoreBirth Control: Past and Present1245 Words   |  5 Pages(www.pbs.org). In an age where pregnancy prevention and contraception is extremely prevalent, it is interesting to think of a time where it was just as prevalent, but preformed without the medicines and modes of contraception we use today. Despite the history that surrounds the controversy of â€Å"birth control,† which is still relevant to this very day, the amount of women who partake in contraceptives is astounding. Approximately 62 million women in the U.S. are at the age of childbearing years (15-44)Read MorePregnancy Prevention Essay1825 Words   |  8 PagesPregnancy Prevention Introduction: Pregnancy is not always a planned or wanted event in peoples lives, and so we have man made ways to prevent pregnancy from happening. Everyone has the freedom of choice, both male and female, so therefore there are both male and female methods of contraception. There is an expansive range of contraception methods world wide, and they can be as extreme as being operated on, such as having a tubal ligation or a vasectomy. The moreRead MoreContraception Insurance Mandate: The Religious Exemption Debate1616 Words   |  7 Pagesthat offer health insurance must cover certain preventative measures for women, including contraception† (Corbin 2013, p. 1470). This requirement has been coined the â€Å"contraception mandate† and has generated an uproar among many Catholic employers in the US (Corbin 2013, p. 1470); they believe it is in violation of their basic rights of religious freedom and freedom of speech to be forced to provide contraceptive services to women. There is an exemption to this rule in place for â€Å"churches, synagoguesRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy : A High Risk, The Effects, And The Prevention Of Teen Pregnancy1242 Words   |  5 PagesTeenage pregnancy is a huge problem in the United States, but the rates are not at an all-time high. The pregnancy rates of teens have actually gone down in the past few years, but it still is a big problem here in the United Sta tes. The United States has the highest rate of teenage pregnancy, Russia has the second highest. Teenage pregnancy is a social and economic problem; it is not good for our country. This essay, will discuss who is at a high risk, the effects, and the prevention of teen pregnancyRead MoreThe Plan B Pill2024 Words   |  9 Pagesyears and with that speculation, many perspectives have been formed for different sides of the pill. Data and opinions have been weighed in regards to the Morning After Pill, but though an examination of different perspectives on this controversial subject, research supports that the Morning After pill is receiving praise and possesses many benefits for women. I. Easier Accessibility (Frantz: Academic Vasquez/Hammer) Women no longer have to scramble to find an appointment with a doctor inRead MoreThe Ethics And Social Welfare1780 Words   |  8 Pagesworker) met by two young women. Both women were 14 years of age, one of whom (Danielle) required emergency contraception within the next two hours. The only place available at the hours this dilemma presented itself to Aylssa was the local accident and emergency department, however, both women had no funds and sought emotional support. The primary matter outlined in Alyssa was if Danielle should be accompanied to the emergency department to ensure she receives emergency contraception or not. Ethics andRead MoreBirth Control Essay1998 Words   |  8 Pagescomplete opposite. Birth control is either used right before sexual intercourses or hours prior, but is never used after sexual intercourse. When choosing birth control, it is important to know what is being put into the body, what age is too young and who actually pays for birth control. Contraception consists of multiple methods that help prevent from transferring sexually transmitted diseases and causing pregnancy after sexual intercourse. Contraception may be considered as easy to use, some may feelRead MoreControversy Surrounding the Use of Contraception2539 Words   |  10 Pagescontraceptives, commonly called the pill, have opened possibilities that had were shut to females for all of times gone by. Possibly more than any other sole factor, the pill has made it likely for women to be in charge of of their own lives and to attain their prospects. Nowadays, 100 million women all over the world use the pill. Noneth eless, there are emergencies ensuing from rape or failure to use contraceptive plans. There are in addition emergencies ensuing from accidental consensual sex. InRead MoreThe War On Women s Health1405 Words   |  6 Pages The War on Women’s Health One of the United States’ core values is the right to privacy, a right evidenced in the constitution’s fourteenth amendment. This amendment, of course, is the one cited in cases of women’s reproductive health rights, an issue as contentious as ever in the 21st century. With the federal government working seemingly endlessly to revert fifty-year-old decisions pertaining to women’s health rights, one must ask themselves if such undermining of Supreme Court decisions is

Why Do People Attend College and Universities - 847 Words

Why do people Attend College and universities? Colleges and Universities are the main resources for people to gain knowledge and get an education. The education we got from high school is not enough for our lives because it is just the basic material; however, professors in colleges or in Universities teach us all the subjects in more detail than in high school. We learn almost everything about our career in college. We learn everything related to our chosen major in college or university, and when we finish college, we can be able to find a better job in our field. There is no limit for knowledge in this universe; we can get knowledge as much as we want. People become well educated in many different ways. We become educated by†¦show more content†¦We also learn how to deal with different problems in college. We learn basics in high school; however, in college we study everything in depth. For example, my elder brother studied about chemistry in high school; however, he is studying chemistry in college as his maj or subject. Nowadays, there is too much competition in finding good jobs, and candidates are required to have a higher education with good experience. The higher the education we have, the more opportunity we will have. The people who have college or university degree or certificate will able to get good jobs. The final purpose after a long process of study is to improve their life by getting good jobs. It also shows that the most degrees or certificates we get from educational institute are used to support job application. The most important stage in our lives is to build or develop our career and most of the people after graduation from high school sign up for colleges or universities to become well educated and trained in their field. Some of them go for professional degrees and some of them like to choose major in specific subjects. Colleges and the universities are the place who make people’s achieve their aims or goals by preparing them for a field they have been chosen . For example, if I go to the engineering school, they will teach me everything about engineering, and they willShow MoreRelatedPeople Attend College or University for Many Different Reasons (for Example, New Experiences, Career Preparation, and Increased Knowledge). Why Do You Think People Attend College or University? Use Specific Reasons and786 Words   |  4 PagesPeople attend college or university for many different reasons (for example, new experiences, career preparation, and increased knowledge). Why do you think people attend college or university? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. In the past, the chances of going to college or university are difficult. This is due to the financial problem and also the amount of college and university that built up in that time. But in this new millennium, all people are having an opportunityRead MoreTo The Many Students That Annually Graduated From An American1263 Words   |  6 Pagesbest day of their life. Why? Well, because in the United States obtaining a high school diploma is one step further to reaching the American Dream. The education system in America starting from elementary school to high school, inculcated in the minds of our future generation the importance of college that without college an individual cannot be successful. However, society changes and this ideology is still present. But was has changed is the accessibility to go to college, more and more it is difficultRead MoreWhy Is Attending A Four Year University?753 Words   |  4 Pagesattending college if they ever have hope of obtaining success. Purs uing a higher education can, in fact, be costly but yet extremely beneficial. 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But, what if tuition disappearedRead MoreAfrican American Students and Equal Education 786 Words   |  4 PagesFor centuries African Americans have fought for equal rights, one of them being an opportunity for the chance to get an equal education. Many people believe that African Americans have an equal or better chance at getting an education than other students. This is not the case when in fact, it is actually harder for these three reasons: African American students tend to come from harsh, poverty stricken atmospheres. 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Most guardians tell you to work hard in school to have a bright future. If you want to find a good job they suggest you to look what are the requirements to be able to even be consider. When you start high school in some schools they

Demand For Chocolate Creates Shortage

Question : (1)Assume that chocolate operate in a perfectly competitive market, use a well-labelled demand and supply (D-S) model to explain how market equilibrium price of chocolate is being determined. Please clearly explain the equilibrating process. (2)Using the D-S model, explain and illustrate what factors have caused the market price for chocolate to rise in the past two years. Clearly explain the equilibrating process. (3)What will happen to the market for other confectionaries/sweets as a result of the changes in the market price of chocolate? Make sure to use D-S model to discuss the equilibrating process. (4)Do you think the demand for chocolate is price elastic or price inelastic? Explain your answer based on the determinants of price elasticity of demand. Use your answer to discuss the likely impact of the drought on consumers total expenditure on chocolate. Answer : (1) Under Perfect Competition no single firm or single consumer can influence the price of the chocolate because of its negligible share in total supply or total demand of industry. However, price is determined by the collective action of all firms in the industry through the supply curve of the industry and the collective action of all the consumers through the industrys demand curve. Thus, short-run equilibrium price and quantity is determined by the interaction of market demand and market supply(Hall", 2014) The demand curve DD represents the aggregate demand of the industry for chocolate, and the supply curve SS represents the total supply of chocolate of the industry(WEXLER, 2014)Industry is in equilibrium at E where the total market demand for chocolate is equal to total market supply for chocolate. The equilibrium price is OP and equilibrium quantity is OQ. If price is above OP, say OP1, there is excess supply of chocolate which pulls down the price again to OP. On the other hand, if price is below OP, say OP2, there is excess demand for chocolate. As a result price would rise till it reaches the level of OP. At equilibrium E, there is neither excess supply nor excess demand and, therefore, the price has neither a tendency to fall nor a tendency to rise.(SULLIVAN, 2014) (2)The factors that contribute in the growth of the market price of the chocolate in last two years are as follows: -Increase in demand for the chocolate: the demand for the chocolate is much more in comparison to supply of the chocolate in the market which causes an upward push in the market price of the chocolate.(Wood, 2014) -Consumer taste and preferences: The level of market price for chocolate is also influenced by customer taste and preferences. Taste and preferences depends on social customs, habit of people, etc. Some of these factors like fashion keep on changing, leading to change in consumer taste and preferences. A favorable change in taste and preference of the consumer for chocolate increases its demand in the market, which ultimately leads to an increase in the price if the chocolate.(GASPARRO, 2012) -Decrease in supply: There is an upward trend in the price of the chocolate because of shortage in supply of the chocolate to meet its demand in the market. When the supply of the product is more than its demand, price decreases, whereas where the supply of the product is less than its demand, price increases.(Wells, 2013) One of the major cause for the increase in the price for chocolate is the increase in its demand in the market. The effect of change in demand is explained below: If supply remains constant, shift of demand curves i.e. change in the demand will result in the change in equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity. The effect of shift in demand curve on the equilibrium price can be illustrated with the help of a diagram In the diagram 1.2, D0D0 and SS are the initial demand and supply curves respectively. E0 is the equilibrium corresponding to the point of intersection of demand and supply curves. OP0 is the initial equilibrium price and OQ0 is the initial equilibrium quantity. Now, as a result of increase in demand, the demand curve shifts to the right from D0D0 to D1D1. At the original price OP0, quantity demanded now will be OQ3, but the quantity supplied will remain at OQ0. In other words, this will lead to excess demand to the extent of Q0Q3. This would exert an upward pressure on the prices as explained above. The price would continue to rise till it reaches OP1 where demand and supply will be equal to each other once again. Intersection of D1D1 with SS will give us the new equilibrium at E1, and OP1 and OQ1 will be the new equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity respectively. Thus, an increase in demand for a commodity i.e. a rightward shift in demand curve, causes an increase in both equi librium price and equilibrium quantity bought and sold. (3)The market for other confectionaries/sweets as a result of the changes in the market price of chocolates depends on the movement in the market price for the chocolate i.e. whether it is in upward direction or downward direction.(Morris, 2014) If the price of chocolate increases then the market for those sweets and confectionaries whose prices are lower in comparison to the price of chocolate and that can be substituted in place of chocolate increases, whereas the market for those sweets and confectionaries which are used as a complementary good with chocolate decreases.(Shah, 2003) The response of the market of other sweets/confectionaries depend on two situation: (a) Equilibrium Price of chocolate increases- When the relative increase in demand for chocolate is greater than its supply, the equilibrium price rises. From Fig. 1.3, it is clear that demand increases in larger proportion than the supply. Equilibrium is at E1 corresponding to the intersection of D1D1 with S1S1. Hence, price increases to OP1 and quantity to OQ1. Hence, when demand of chocolate increases more than its supply, price for the chocolate will rise which may indirectly lead to an increase in the market for those sweets/ confectionaries that can be used as a substitute in place of chocolate.(Hameed, 2009) (b) Equilibrium Price of chocolate decreases-When the relative increase in demand is smaller than the increase in supply, the equilibrium price falls. In fig. 1.4, supply for chocolate increases in a larger proportion than its demand. Equilibrium shifts from E to E1. Consequently, equilibrium price falls from OP to OP1, but equilibrium quantity increases from OQ to OQ1. Thus, when supply increases more than demand, the price for chocolate falls which causes an increase in its demand and indirectly reduces the market for other confectionaries/sweets which are used as a substitute in place of chocolate and increases the market for those sweets/confectionaries which are used as a complementary good with the chocolate. The demand for chocolate in the market is price elastic. A fall in the price for chocolate increases its demand in the market and vice-versa. The determinants for price elasticity of demand are as follows: 1. Availability of substitutes- The most important determinant of the price elasticity of demand is the number and kind of substitutes available for a commodity(Kazemi, 2010). If commodity i.e. chocolate has many close substitutes then its demand is likely to be more elastic. Even a small fall in price will induce more people to buy the chocolate rather than its substitutes. 2. Nature of the commodity-Demand for luxury items or victim that serves the comfort pleasure of the consumer tend to be more elastic than the demand for those goods which serve the basic needs of the consumer. And chocolate serves the comfort pleasure of the consumer.(DATAMONITOR, 2006) 3. The number of uses of a commodity- The greater the number of uses to which a commodity can be put to, the greater will be its price elasticity of demand and vice-versa. Chocolate can be used by the consumer as a main product or co-product in multiple uses.(Pearson, 2014) 4. Price Range- Price elasticity of demand depends upon the range of prices. Demand for a commodity tends to be inelastic at a very high price of the commodity and even it is inelastic at a very low price of the commodity, but is elastic within the moderate range in the price of the commodity. The prices of chocolates are neither too high nor too low thus the demand for chocolate is elastic.(Andreyeva, 2012) In the situation of drought, consumer behaves in an abnormal manner, they buy the commodity even at a very high price. Thus, in case of drought, even at a very high price of the chocolate consumers are ready to purchase them, thus causing an increase in the total expenditure of the consumer. The below given table shows how the total expenditure increases with the increase in the price of chocolate in the situation of drought.(Schatzker, 2014) Price of the chocolate (P) Quantity demanded (Q) in pieces Total Expenditure (P*Q) 50 10 500 70 15 1050 References: Andreyeva, T. (2012). The Impact of Food Prices on Consumption. PMC , 1-3. DATAMONITOR. (2006). CONFECTIONERY: Chinas Sweet Tooth Grows. Asia Food Journal , 1. GASPARRO, A. (2012). People Love Chocolate At Any Price. Money Beat , 1. Hall", ". (2014). demand for chocolate in perefectly competitive market. Business studies , 685. Hameed, A. A. (2009). Supply and Demand Model for the. MPRA , 1-20. Kazemi, F. (2010). A Case Study of Chocolate Industry . International Journal of Business and Management , 1-5. Morris, J. A. (2014). The trend that could transform the chocolate industry. KPMG , 1-20. Pearson. (2014). price elasticity of demand. the sloman economics , 1. Schatzker, M. (2014). Chocolate imperiled by drought, disease as demand rises. The State journal , 1. Shah, A. (2003). change in the equilibrium price. Global Issue , 1. SULLIVAN, K. (2014). Dark chocolate demand causes cocoa shortage. The Exponent , 1. Wells, E. E. (2013). Shortage of cocoa beans may lead to price increase. The Journal , 1. WEXLER, A. (2014). demand for chocolate. Wall street Journal , 1. Wood, P. (2014). Inflation, cocoa bean shortage spur rise in chocolate prices. Auburn , 1.

Role of Un in Peace Keeping free essay sample

In addition to maintaining peace and security, peacekeepers are increasingly charged with assisting in political processes, reforming judicial systems, training law enforcement and police forces, disarming and reintegrating former combatants, supporting the return of internally displaced persons and refugees. Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish are the UN official languages. However, UN is facing criticism regarding corruption and abuse and some other things. Conclusion:- UN has a great effect on international peace. But, there are some arguments regarding contribution of military forces from different countries. To change the world, it need to change itself too. Its better if it has its own military force. United Nations has an organization called UN Security Council that is responsible for peacekeeping. Five members of this team are permanent members while ten are chosen every 2 years. Peacemaking was introduces at the end of cold war and has undergone immense changes. It keeps evolving to meet the political demands